Price Elasticity of Demand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Price Elasticity of Demand - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that in a business aiming at maximizing revenue, the PED has to be exactly 1. A PED higher than 1 reflects a very elastic product where the quantities demanded are largely affected by the price change. The figures in the paper reflect the way the various curves will look like in different scenarios. Mylan Laboratories Mylan Laboratories is a pharmaceutical company in Pittsburgh. The company announced an increase in the prices of their drugs. One client claimed that the company increased the price of a drug referred to as lorazepam from an initial $11 to $85. The man who had been a worker at an oil rig was involved in an accident and is now dependant on those drugs to relieve the pain. He is on a government scheme that entitles him to $1,000 every month. He usually uses around 100 pills every month and he has taken out a loan in order to finance his drug requirements. This move is seen as a means of fleecing the citizens as the pharmaceutical companies await the government to remove patents to some drugs that have long been on the patent list. There are others who are claiming that the move is in anticipation of the new health care bill. The pharmaceutical industry has been under a lot of strain caused by the AIDS pandemic and companies have been criticized for failing to reduce their prices to the benefit of millions of people living with the disease in Africa and Asia. The major point of criticism was the patents that protect these much-needed drugs hence driving costs of the medicine up. Pharmaceutical products are very inelastic as they are considered as necessities. Therefore, the price elasticity of demand for them would not exceed 1. In this case, Mylan Laboratories has increased their prices by close to 600% and this will have an effect on the demand as many people cannot afford the extra expense that is accompanied by the price increment. There are a number of factors that will inform the elasticity of the deman d. First, the availability of substitutes is a major determinant. With the presence of generic drugs that are supplied by competitors, the increase in prices of the patented Mylan Laboratories’ drugs may decrease the demand. The substitutes’ closeness to the Mylan Laboratories’ drugs, their uniqueness and their prices may be the greatest deterrent to Mylan Laboratories increasing revenues from the sale of the drugs even at the increased rates. The second determinant is the cost of switching to the other drugs. Many consumers of drugs are usually covered by insurance companies. If the company is responsible for the purchase of drugs, this might make it impossible or expensive for the consumer to change to other drugs. The price of the patented drugs is too high for the citizens and there has been no significant increase in income. Another problem that may hinder the change in demand for the drugs may be brand loyalty. Some consumers are attached to certain brands such that they become insensitive to price changes. This might be so for the people with greater disposable incomes who still may find the increased prices still within their means. Another determinant of the PED is the time the consumers will take immediately after the increase. Some consumers may wait for some time in order for them to resume buying the product.

Operations Research Essay Example for Free

Operations Research Essay Operations are directly affected by changes in the factors of production and by other circumstantial changes which directly affect the costs of these factors. One of these changes is the demand changes that occur within the market. Operations are directly affected by production since the level of production coincides with the supply and demand levels of market. Demand has a direct effect in this case since a lower rate of demand necessarily means that production has to be reduced in response to the decreasing demand and thus operations are affected as well. Another factor to consider is the implementation of new pollution control laws which drives up the costs of production and operating expenses due to the taxes that may be imposed and compliance regulations that will be enforced. Carbon trading, which is an example of a pollution control law, requires industries to purchase carbon credits which in the end affect the price of the goods and operating expenses. Other items such as the fluctuation in the value of the dollar and price changes are also critical because they determine the end cost of not only the factor inputs required for operations and by doing so affect the expenditures of companies but also determine the willingness of the market to consume the item or service that is being sold. A stronger dollar for example will mean that exports are affected because it will necessarily drive up the cost of a commodity vis-a-vis the exchange rate. Price changes are also important to consider because they affect the willingness of the customer to purchase a certain commodity and principles such as substitution and competition now take effect.

Essay --

Celine Molfetta Ms.Velazquez U.S. History 1 20 February 2014 Olive Branch Petition The Olive Branch Petition, drafted on July 5th, 1775 by John Dickenson, was, not only, a major turn point in the movement of the American Revolution, but marked a very important point in American History. During the creation process of the Olive Branch Petition, the Battles of Lexington and Concord and the Battle of Bunker Hill had just taken place. Members within the Continental Congress had opposing views on what approach they should take to dissolve the tension between the colonies and Great Britain. Some strived for Independence no matter the consequences, while others disagreed. These others were Loyalist who didn’t agree with the idea of betraying the King, but still had conflict with taxation without representation. They came to an agreement and decided to send a second request to the King asking for a compromise, in order to come up with a reasonable solution to the ongoing war. This plea was other known as the Olive Branch Petition. As many predicted, the compromise was rejected by Great Britain, resulting in new tensions between their nation and the American Colonies. With this said, the Olive Branch Petition impacted the American Revolution in two significant ways by England refusing the American’s request for a compromise guiding them to go through with war and changing the views of the Loyalist, through how the King handled the petition. The Olive Branch Petition is historically known as one of the most important documentations that influenced the American Revolution, taken place in 1775. The Olive Branch Petition was the last and final opportunity for Great Britain to agree with a nonviolent negotiation with the Colonist... ... on September 2, 1775. When the colonists, specifically the Loyalists, had been told that King George III refused to consider, nor open their letter of negotiation it changed their perspective of him. Many of the Loyalist, no longer wanted to live under the rule of their ignorant King (lively 266). In fact, the ignorance of his actions raised the levels of revolutionary talk and ideas within the colonies. With the colonist, now, being pro-revolutionary, this eventually led to the Colonist winning the American Revolutionary War. Works Cited Lively, Robert. â€Å"Olive Branch petition†. Encyclopedia of American History. Volume III. Facts on File Incorporated, 2003. Sosin, Jack. Agents and Merchants. University of Nebraska Printing Press Lincoln, 1965. â€Å"The Olive Branch Petition, 1775†. Gopetition. 13 Oct. 2007.http://www.gopetition.com/ livebranchpetition.php

National Honor Society

Chapter 33: The Cold War and Decolonization, 1945-1975 1. Introduction a. The end of the 2nd world war exposed a world of mutual antagonism rather than one of mutual cooperation b. The business of nation building c. Cold War technology and environmental impact 2. The Cold War a. The United Nations i. The formation of the United Nations and its basic structure ii. Beliefs and efficacy of the United Nations iii. Early resolutions carried great weight, but later the Western powers came to disregard many of the issues raised by the General Assembly b.Capitalism and Communism i. New monetary systems were developed in the West and the Soviet Union ii. Recovery from the second World War in the East iii. Europeans launched a program of cooperation iv. The Soviet approach c. West versus East in Europe and Korea i. The spread of communism and Western reaction ii. NATO and Soviet competition over Europe iii. NATO and Soviet competition over Korea d. U. S. defeat in Vietnam i. Eisenhower said no to war in Vietnam, but Kennedy said yes ii. Johnson continued the war ii. U. S. got out in 1973 and U. S. attitudes toward the war e. The race for nuclear supremacy i. Atomic weapons ushered in a new era of warfare and diplomacy ii. The Cuban Missile Crisis iii. More efficient bombs and delivery systems iv. Arms limitations v. Things calmed down in Europe vi. The space race vii. Restraint 3. Decolonization and Nation Building a. New nations in South and Southeast Asia i. India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh ii. The Japanese role in South Asia and Southeast Asia iii. Sukarno iv. Myanmar, Singapore and the Philippines . Vietnam b. The struggle for independence in Africa i. Algeria ii. Institutions and factors that made good colonies poor independent countries iii. Kwame Nkrumah iv. Jomo Kenyatta v. French Africa and de Gaulle’s promises vi. The heart versus reason vii. The Southern Temperate Zone viii. South Africa c. The quest for economic freedom in Latin America i. U. S. and Eur ope dominated Latin America economies ii. Mexico and Guatemala iii. U. S. domination in Cuba iv. 1959 popular rebellion v. The Castro government d. Challenges of Nation Building i.New nations join the United Nations ii. How to organize government? iii. How to educate the populous? 4. Beyond a bipolar world a. The Third World i. Definition of the terms ‘non-aligned’ and ‘third world’ ii. Many of these countries wanted money from the superpowers iii. A balancing act b. Japan and China i. Japan made amends for the war and rebuilt their industries ii. China very involved in Cold War politics iii. The Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution iv. Normalizing United States-China relations c. The Middle East . Arab politics in the 1950s ii. British policy on Palestine iii. The United Nations partitions Palestine into two states iv. Conflict and refugees v. The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) vi. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and more conflict d. The emergence of environmental concerns i. The beginnings of environmental awareness ii. High gas prices increased awareness of the scarcity of natural resources 5. Conclusion a. The ‘postwar’ era b. U. S. and U. S. S. R. c. The end of the postwar era National Honor Society Chapter 33: The Cold War and Decolonization, 1945-1975 1. Introduction a. The end of the 2nd world war exposed a world of mutual antagonism rather than one of mutual cooperation b. The business of nation building c. Cold War technology and environmental impact 2. The Cold War a. The United Nations i. The formation of the United Nations and its basic structure ii. Beliefs and efficacy of the United Nations iii. Early resolutions carried great weight, but later the Western powers came to disregard many of the issues raised by the General Assembly b.Capitalism and Communism i. New monetary systems were developed in the West and the Soviet Union ii. Recovery from the second World War in the East iii. Europeans launched a program of cooperation iv. The Soviet approach c. West versus East in Europe and Korea i. The spread of communism and Western reaction ii. NATO and Soviet competition over Europe iii. NATO and Soviet competition over Korea d. U. S. defeat in Vietnam i. Eisenhower said no to war in Vietnam, but Kennedy said yes ii. Johnson continued the war ii. U. S. got out in 1973 and U. S. attitudes toward the war e. The race for nuclear supremacy i. Atomic weapons ushered in a new era of warfare and diplomacy ii. The Cuban Missile Crisis iii. More efficient bombs and delivery systems iv. Arms limitations v. Things calmed down in Europe vi. The space race vii. Restraint 3. Decolonization and Nation Building a. New nations in South and Southeast Asia i. India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh ii. The Japanese role in South Asia and Southeast Asia iii. Sukarno iv. Myanmar, Singapore and the Philippines . Vietnam b. The struggle for independence in Africa i. Algeria ii. Institutions and factors that made good colonies poor independent countries iii. Kwame Nkrumah iv. Jomo Kenyatta v. French Africa and de Gaulle’s promises vi. The heart versus reason vii. The Southern Temperate Zone viii. South Africa c. The quest for economic freedom in Latin America i. U. S. and Eur ope dominated Latin America economies ii. Mexico and Guatemala iii. U. S. domination in Cuba iv. 1959 popular rebellion v. The Castro government d. Challenges of Nation Building i.New nations join the United Nations ii. How to organize government? iii. How to educate the populous? 4. Beyond a bipolar world a. The Third World i. Definition of the terms ‘non-aligned’ and ‘third world’ ii. Many of these countries wanted money from the superpowers iii. A balancing act b. Japan and China i. Japan made amends for the war and rebuilt their industries ii. China very involved in Cold War politics iii. The Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution iv. Normalizing United States-China relations c. The Middle East . Arab politics in the 1950s ii. British policy on Palestine iii. The United Nations partitions Palestine into two states iv. Conflict and refugees v. The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) vi. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and more conflict d. The emergence of environmental concerns i. The beginnings of environmental awareness ii. High gas prices increased awareness of the scarcity of natural resources 5. Conclusion a. The ‘postwar’ era b. U. S. and U. S. S. R. c. The end of the postwar era ï » ¿National Honor Society First of all, it is a great honor to even be nominated for NHS. When I got the letter saying I was nominated, I felt a little relieved. I felt relieve because this is it. This is why I’ve worked so hard in school; this is why I spend countless hours doing homework. I realized that all of my hard work is finally paying off. I could help the NHS by dedicating my own time to participate in fundraisers, encouraging other students to do their best on their schoolwork, and try their best in everything that they do.There were times when my schoolwork got very hard. With playing soccer, taking care of my family, and balancing school together, it would’ve been easy to just give up, but being the diligent student that I am, I stuck it out. I tried my best, and even if the grade on those papers weren’t the best, I did my best on the following papers to make up for it. Hard work does pay off. I get extremely connected to the things I’m a part of. For example, when I p lay soccer, I forget about everything that happened during school or the day before and I just focus on the game.This has always been one of the achievements I hoped to accomplish during my High School academic career. Whenever I heard about scholarships for college, National Honor Society was always in the mix. With my future goals focused on becoming a doctor, dedication to my education is must. Being able to apply to college as a member of the National Honor Society would tell the Admissions Board that I am serious about my schoolwork. I look forward to not only have NHS help me, but also be an active member of the organization itself. National Honor Society Chapter 33: The Cold War and Decolonization, 1945-1975 1. Introduction a. The end of the 2nd world war exposed a world of mutual antagonism rather than one of mutual cooperation b. The business of nation building c. Cold War technology and environmental impact 2. The Cold War a. The United Nations i. The formation of the United Nations and its basic structure ii. Beliefs and efficacy of the United Nations iii. Early resolutions carried great weight, but later the Western powers came to disregard many of the issues raised by the General Assembly b.Capitalism and Communism i. New monetary systems were developed in the West and the Soviet Union ii. Recovery from the second World War in the East iii. Europeans launched a program of cooperation iv. The Soviet approach c. West versus East in Europe and Korea i. The spread of communism and Western reaction ii. NATO and Soviet competition over Europe iii. NATO and Soviet competition over Korea d. U. S. defeat in Vietnam i. Eisenhower said no to war in Vietnam, but Kennedy said yes ii. Johnson continued the war ii. U. S. got out in 1973 and U. S. attitudes toward the war e. The race for nuclear supremacy i. Atomic weapons ushered in a new era of warfare and diplomacy ii. The Cuban Missile Crisis iii. More efficient bombs and delivery systems iv. Arms limitations v. Things calmed down in Europe vi. The space race vii. Restraint 3. Decolonization and Nation Building a. New nations in South and Southeast Asia i. India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh ii. The Japanese role in South Asia and Southeast Asia iii. Sukarno iv. Myanmar, Singapore and the Philippines . Vietnam b. The struggle for independence in Africa i. Algeria ii. Institutions and factors that made good colonies poor independent countries iii. Kwame Nkrumah iv. Jomo Kenyatta v. French Africa and de Gaulle’s promises vi. The heart versus reason vii. The Southern Temperate Zone viii. South Africa c. The quest for economic freedom in Latin America i. U. S. and Eur ope dominated Latin America economies ii. Mexico and Guatemala iii. U. S. domination in Cuba iv. 1959 popular rebellion v. The Castro government d. Challenges of Nation Building i.New nations join the United Nations ii. How to organize government? iii. How to educate the populous? 4. Beyond a bipolar world a. The Third World i. Definition of the terms ‘non-aligned’ and ‘third world’ ii. Many of these countries wanted money from the superpowers iii. A balancing act b. Japan and China i. Japan made amends for the war and rebuilt their industries ii. China very involved in Cold War politics iii. The Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution iv. Normalizing United States-China relations c. The Middle East . Arab politics in the 1950s ii. British policy on Palestine iii. The United Nations partitions Palestine into two states iv. Conflict and refugees v. The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) vi. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and more conflict d. The emergence of environmental concerns i. The beginnings of environmental awareness ii. High gas prices increased awareness of the scarcity of natural resources 5. Conclusion a. The ‘postwar’ era b. U. S. and U. S. S. R. c. The end of the postwar era

American experiences since 1945

The course is designed to show in details the events that took place in America after the Second World War. That is the things that happened in America after 1945. There are many events that took place. The post war period start from 1945 when Manchukuo province was captured by the Soviet Union and the atomic bombs which were dropped by USA on the mainland of Japan. This essay is going to touch on the cold war ideologies and breakups of made during the time of the war.Also the policies that were made during the cold war time, I will also discuss the events that took place in the 1950s: Politics and Culture, the liberal reforms of 1960s, reason why USA crashed with southern Asia and elaborate on the conservatism and the consensus politics. I will also discuss on the happenings of the 1970’s: Nixon’s politics and achievements and finally, I will also discuss on the 80s events: the cold war, its end and the reasons that led to the fall of the communism. The immediate post war period. The period after 1945(Farber D. , 1994) was a golden time of capitalism in America.In 1946 the council of economic advisors was established. Its roles were to analyze and advice on various policies mostly in development and implementation of domestic and international economic policies. At around 1953 the council for economic advisors had come up with five policies. These were: economic quantitative targets were set. The â€Å"growth model† of economic replaced the â€Å"cyclical model†, full employment budget was drawn, fiscal drag theories were employed, taxation base and flexibility were widened and finally and a low aggregate demand replaced unemployment notion that had persisted.In 1945 there emerged a crash in the course implementation between Edwin Nourse and Leon Keyserkling. Nourse believed that guns were to be dispensed for butter but Keyserling thought that by expanding economic it would promote expenditure without compromising the standards of l iving. During the inter war period economic depended on massive spending , raw materials control and price controls as well as the draft of 12 million military men with these reforms the quality of the lives of Americans continued to improve(Leslie B. , 1995) Culture Emergence and some Politics of 1940s and 1950sDuring this period the quality of life was improved through social welfares. As the stock exchange market thrived uninterrupted from 1949 up to 1957 (Hardayal S. , 2001) the great depression status was reversed, the government embarked on social welfares and military industries complex as it was called by Dwight Eisenhower. It involved employing women in industrial places for manufacturing ammunitions. They were also employed in the military service. The war time experience of women working in military services shaped the future career of women.Many women who were in the war went back to their house hold chores. This past experience led to later integration of women in to th e working places in America. According to (Halliwell M. , 2007) the 1950s provides an account of the cultures in America. These were fiction, poetry, theatre, television and films performances, music, radio and visual arts. In this period the economic was still not good. For instance, there were about 3,288,000 people who were unemployed the average salary of the working class was 2,992 dollars.This is the period that saw many young people who serve in the war comeback home to pick up their lives start new families and new jobs. With this new phase of experiences, American industries rose up to the challenge of meeting the rising demands of items. Americans began buying things they could not buy during the wartime. 1960s: The Liberal Reforms and Kennedy’s Visions. In 1960 a presidential election was held. This marked the end of Dwight Eisenhower as the president of America. He served his nation for a period of two terms.At this time his vice president was Richard Nixon who ha d turned his office into a political base. In the elections of 1960s, John F. Kennedy- a democrat was the second one to have the presidential position as a Roman Catholic after a democrat Al smith . At this time the Soviet Union was far a head of America both militarily and economically. At this time Kennedy was young and inexperienced to be trusted with presidency and his victory margin was among the closest ever known in the history of America. This was attributed to his religious stand. It was believed that many Protestants did not vote him (Murray C., 1994) In 1950’s and 60’s both major political parties in USA were liberal and conservative factions. The Democratic Party had northern and Western liberals and on the other hand was the conservative Southern whites. For two decades the cold war liberalism was not that active and it only peaked in 1964 when Lyndon B. Johnson over Barry Gold water during the election. In 1948, Truman the then president of USA had outlaw ed desegregation in the armed forces and civil rights were strongly agitated for. These culminated in to the passage of 1964 civil rights act as well as the voting rights act of 1965.During 1960s the relations between white liberals and civil rights leaders intensified. The later accused the former of hindering the progress it was during this time that Kennedy put federal troops to protect the African Americans who were being admitted to the University of Mississippi. In 1962 (Sitkof H. , 2000) f James Meredita and Martin Luther King junior staged a march to Washington in 1966. This emerged to be a very strong movement which was called the black power. The blacks in this movement accused the whites of trying to control the blacks’ agendas.The opponents of the civil rights wanted blacks in America to stop following democratic machines and instead apply the ethnic model. The civil rights movements totally revolutionized the lives of blacks in America. Much of the credit goes to Martin Luther king. He was the leader of hundreds of Black people. He inspired the blacks greatly especially when he made his’ I have a dream speech’ to the multitude. It was all about racial harmony. This was done on the mail in Washington. In 1902, Kennedy announced that by the end of the 1960s decade USA would send a man on the moon in a spaceship and safety return him to earth alive.This was the height of optimism because at this time its space program was in its infancy stage It was also at this time that president Johnson of America promised his people that he would fight poverty and ensures that the Americans would enjoy descent lives. This promise was actualized when social security fund was increased and as a result millions of Americans received improved health care. This 1960s became the turning point in the history of American. A lot were achieved at this time (Suman K. and Bery G. F. , 1997) 1970s: Outcomes of Vietnam Invasion and Lifestyles Change.During the 1960s period, Richard Nixon in his presidential campaign promised to end the Americans involvement in the war again Vietnam if he was elected in office in 1969. This whole plan was called â€Å"Vietnamization† it meant that the United States would gradually withdraw itself from the Vietnam War and transfer its military duties to the Southern Vietnam. He wanted to reinforce the Eisenhower and Kennedy’s policies of helping the South Vietnamese but things did not go as they were expected. In 1969(Brad R. , 1991) the North Vietnamese communists intensified their attacks and through Laos and Cambodia supply lines.As a result of these events Nixon invaded Cambodia and bombarded Laos. This initially was done secretly but sooner than later it was made public by Nixon who on 1970 April 30 announced on the television that he invaded Cambodia and wanted to recruit some 150,000 new soldiers . This decision was not welcomed by many Americans in fact it provoked many ant-war pr otests especially from college and campus students. In 1970 on May 4th the National Guard fined shots in to a crowd of demonstration at Kent state university and killed four of them and about nine wounded. This only increased outrage to people who turned against Nixon and Vietnam War.Due to the increased pressure to put the war to an end an end (Goodwin J. , 2001) Nixon ordered the North Vietnam zone to be bombed. This act led to signing of an agreement which led to the termination of the war in March 1973. As America quit the war, it left the southerners to fight the northerners’ American indigence in the war caused it a big harm. About 55,000 American lives perished. Basically American gained very little from this war. It left Vietnam a devastated nation. 1980s: Cultural Influence and Economic Policies. In 1980s there was economic boom. The existing market was advancing in age and was financially becoming stable.The society’s face changed demographically. People coul d live longer and seemed younger. New technologies replaced old ones or we can say that there was a technological change. These changes were celebrated by Richard Nixon and his wife with a fashionable clothes accompanied by social events that displayed affluence of American society (Minarik J. J. , 1990) During this time the whole world was in perpetual change for instance the USSR eased their roles and gave in to private enterprise the famous Berlin war came down and Western cloths found their way in eastern, countries.There were some economic policies that were posed by the government. For instance it states that when market lack the in information on the quality of assets as well as true value of an institutions net worth then potential for crisis increased. 1990s: Revival of Cold War Period and Reagan’s Ideas. In the 1980s the cold war came to an end the eastern block had suffered economically. The cold war period of 1985-1991 came back to life with the ascension of Mikha il Gorbachev to power in 1991. In the same year on December 31, the USSR broke into 15 separate nations and this marked the end of the cold war period.Conclusion. Having seen the effects of every action that has been done in America since 1945 and Judging by the way things stand currently, we can say that in the past ten years the politics of America will move to greater heights as the democrats and the republicans become more vibrant in addressing the things that are affecting the Americans right now. Culturally, Americans are very dynamic people who keep on inventing new ways of life. So, it is hard to predict what exactly will happen in the next ten years to come. But socially it seems people will be more integrated, interactive and united.Americans are social and interact with their fellow people in a positive manner and that is why America is a united nation. Reference: Halliwell M. , 2007: American Culture in the 1950’s. Edinburgh University Press, United Kingdom. Farbe r D. , 1994: The Age of Great Dreams America in the 1960s, 1st Edition. USA. Goodwin J. , 2001: No Other Way Out: States and Revolutionary Movement 1945-1991 Cambridge University Press P. 5 Suman K. and Bery G. F. 1997: Preventing Banking Sector Distress and Crises in Latin America; Proceedings on a Conference Held in Washington DC, World Bank. Minarik J. J., 1990: Making America’s Budget Policies from the 1980’s to the 1990’s M. E. Sharpe. Murry C. , 1994: Loosing Ground; American Social Policy 1950- 1980, Basic Books 10th Anniversary Edition. Brad R. , 1991: Weapons Proliferation in the 1990s. MIT Press, Washington. Ciment J. , 2006: Postwar America: An Encyclopedia of Social Political Cultural and Economic History Sharpe New York. Sitkoff H. , 2000: Post War America a Student Companion, Oxford University Press. Leslie B. , 1995: The Cambridge History of Latin America, Cambridge University Press. Hardayal S. , 2001. Ambassadors of Culture. Princeton University Press.

Free Essays on Joan Miro

Working Thesis: The Catalan struggle and Spanish Civil War greatly influenced Joan Mirà ³Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s art; Mirà ³Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s techniques of forceful strokes with paint and ceramics enable Mirà ³ to express his feelings and depict the Catalan people’s struggle through art. Surrealism in the 1920s was defined as a fantastic arrangement of materials that influenced Mirà ³, due to the fact that he was one of the most original and sympathetic artists during the Surrealism periods. Mirà ³ was born into the Catalan culture in April 20,1893 in Barcelona, Spain (Munro 288). Having to be born into the Catalan culture gave Mirà ³ an opportunity to have an intense nationalist activity. In which much attention was paid not only to political expressions of the need for autonomy, but also to the re-Catalanizing of every day life (Higdon 1). â€Å"It was necessary to fight so that Catalan, our language might be recognized as a cultural language† (â€Å"Mirà ³Ã¢â‚¬ ). In 1910 Mirà ³Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s parents bought a masia which is a sort of traditional farmstead of Catalonia, where the family has its roots on the paternal side. Mirà ³ described the masia in his painting The Farm of 1921-1922 (Figure1). Clement Greenburg a close friend of Mirà ³ who is also a critic, said that Mirà ³Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s art is based on ideas â€Å"of painting as an irrevocable two dimensional medium† (Munro 289). Greenburg also stated â€Å"Mirà ³ is known for his almost total lack of interest in political matters† (Munro 289). The only thing that really kept Mirà ³ interested was his people and their culture. What really shot Mirà ³ down was the Spanish Civil War, he stated that â€Å"I am not in favor of separatism. I am in favor for Spanish unity, European unity, and World unity.† He believed that they should be able to celebrate their myths, and abide by their own laws (Higdon 1). Being Catalan was pretty hard on Mirà ³ as well as his people and their culture. For one, the government tried to shut them out or ... Free Essays on Joan Miro Free Essays on Joan Miro Working Thesis: The Catalan struggle and Spanish Civil War greatly influenced Joan Mirà ³Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s art; Mirà ³Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s techniques of forceful strokes with paint and ceramics enable Mirà ³ to express his feelings and depict the Catalan people’s struggle through art. Surrealism in the 1920s was defined as a fantastic arrangement of materials that influenced Mirà ³, due to the fact that he was one of the most original and sympathetic artists during the Surrealism periods. Mirà ³ was born into the Catalan culture in April 20,1893 in Barcelona, Spain (Munro 288). Having to be born into the Catalan culture gave Mirà ³ an opportunity to have an intense nationalist activity. In which much attention was paid not only to political expressions of the need for autonomy, but also to the re-Catalanizing of every day life (Higdon 1). â€Å"It was necessary to fight so that Catalan, our language might be recognized as a cultural language† (â€Å"Mirà ³Ã¢â‚¬ ). In 1910 Mirà ³Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s parents bought a masia which is a sort of traditional farmstead of Catalonia, where the family has its roots on the paternal side. Mirà ³ described the masia in his painting The Farm of 1921-1922 (Figure1). Clement Greenburg a close friend of Mirà ³ who is also a critic, said that Mirà ³Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s art is based on ideas â€Å"of painting as an irrevocable two dimensional medium† (Munro 289). Greenburg also stated â€Å"Mirà ³ is known for his almost total lack of interest in political matters† (Munro 289). The only thing that really kept Mirà ³ interested was his people and their culture. What really shot Mirà ³ down was the Spanish Civil War, he stated that â€Å"I am not in favor of separatism. I am in favor for Spanish unity, European unity, and World unity.† He believed that they should be able to celebrate their myths, and abide by their own laws (Higdon 1). Being Catalan was pretty hard on Mirà ³ as well as his people and their culture. For one, the government tried to shut them out or ...

Never share this information at work

Never share this information at work Networking is what gets you in the door, but building real relationships with coworkers is what keeps you there and earns you respect. And you can’t really connect to people- even colleagues- if you don’t open up and share every once in a while. But sometimes the bonding goes too far. When sharing becomes oversharing, you can erode any credibility you’ve built up in a workplace. Here are a few things smart and successful people make a rule of never  bringing up in the workplace.How much you hate your coworkersNo matter how terrible Bob in Sales is at his job, it’s not something you can talk about with your coworkers- even your friends. Unless you’re talking to your best non-work friends or your partner, there’s no cause to broadcast someone’s ineptitude. Be kind. Take the high road. And for that matter, don’t smack talk about your boss or how much you hate your job either.PoliticsBy far the easiest way to alienate someone is t o casually discuss politics. Things are quite simply too fraught these days. A haphazard comment here or there could really lose you points. In general, it’s best not to mix office and politics in general- tense times or not. You never know where someone (or the cubemate quietly listening) stands. If others are talking politics, listen and smile and step outside.  How much you makeEven if you’re sharing your salary to commiserate with other low-level earners, you never know what those people might be making. It could be even less than you. Don’t run the risk of humblebragging. And definitely don’t outright brag. First of all, nobody cares. Second, they’ll just assume you’re a materialistic jerk.Your sex life†¦ or anybody else’sReally, there’s no reason to divulge any details about what goes on in your bedroom. Or worse- to speculate about what might or might not go on in someone else’s. It’s just gossip, wh ich is never a good idea. Plus, it’s likely against company policy. You just never know when you might make someone feel uncomfortable, so respect work and personal boundaries.Your ongoing job huntIf you’re job hunting because you’ve outgrown your position or you just plain hate your job, that’s fine. Keep it on the DL. Nobody wants to be friends with the kid who doesn’t even want to be on the playground with the other kids.Your online presenceUnless you become actual friends with a coworker, it’s best to keep your social media networks separate. LinkedIn is great for work friends, but keep your Facebook and Twitter and Instagram to people who won’t be annoyed by your vacation photos of margaritas and tequila shots.Offensive jokesAgain, anything off-color is probably going to get you in trouble with your human resources department. If you have a racist, misogynist, or intolerant joke in your pocket, do yourself a favor and keep it to yourself. You  will offend someone and people  will think less of you. Is it really worth the forced laughter?Your dreams of a promotionIt’s fine to covet rungs above yours on the ladder. It’s not fine to tell people that you’re out to unseat your coworker or your boss. The news will definitely get back to that person, ruining a relationship for good. And whether or not you get your way, you won’t have the respect of everyone around you.Personal dramaYou might be having problems at home, or in your relationship, or with your health. Save intensely personal tales for your besties and your therapist. At the very least, save them for lunch hour with one or two close work friends, not your water cooler buddy. Work is not the place to be blabbing about your issues and emotions- it’s a professional setting, no matter how casual the office and how kind the people.

Quotes From Napoleon Dynamite

Quotes From Napoleon Dynamite Quotes from Napoleon Dynamite have been hugely liked by many quotation lovers. If you do not follow the sense of humor, you need to watch the movie and then read these quotes. It is quite likely that you will not only find them stupid, but very likable. Deb Uncle Rico (Deb, while taking a picture of Uncle Rico) Deb: Okay, turn your head on more of a slant... (heads turn in a slant) Deb: Now, make a fist. Slowly ease it up underneath your chin. (three of them slowly put fists under their chins) Deb: This is looking really good. Kip: You can say that again. (Uncle Rico acknowledges) Deb: Kay, hold still right there. Now, just imagine youre weightless, in the middle of the ocean, surrounded by tiny little seahorses. (Uncle Rico looks at the camera) Deb: (takes the picture) That was one that I think is gonna come out really nice. Uncle Rico: Ah, how you did it... wow... well I felt really relaxed. Thanks, Deb. (Uncle Rico puts his fist down and swats a fly) Napoleon Dynamite Napoleon Dynamite:Â  (drinks a glass of milk) The defect in that one is bleach. FFA Judge No. 1: Thats right. Napoleon Dynamite: Yes! Napoleon Dynamite: (drinks another glass of milk) This tastes like the cow got into an onion patch. FFA Judge No. 2: Correct! Napoleon Dynamite: Yes!!. Napoleon Dynamite Deb (Napoleon and Deb are dancing) Napoleon Dynamite: I like your sleeves. Theyre real big. Deb: Thank you. I made them myself. Napoleon Dynamite: So you and Pedro getting really serious now? Kip Kip:Â  (singing while typing a poem) Your sandy hair floats in the air... To me its like a lullaby... Im just flying by... Oh so high... like a kite... tied to a skate... Uncle Rico Kip Uncle Rico: What about your girlfriend? Kip: Well, things are getting pretty serious right now. I mean, we chat online for like two hours every day so I guess you could say things are getting pretty serious. Napoleon Dynamite Napoleon Dynamite: You know, like nunchuck skills, bowhunting skills, computer hacking skills... Girls only want boyfriends who have great skills. Uncle Rico Kip Kip: So how long are we talking about working? Uncle Rico: What are you, already losing your steam? Kip: No, I just... I have a chat room meeting at 4. I gotta be back here by then. Uncle Rico: All right, you just start a little earlier, thats all. Or else work afterwards. How long is the chat room? Kip: Jeez, sometimes up to 3-4 hours maybe... Maybe not... Uncle Rico: You pay the bills for that? Does that cost money every time youre on, like for minutes on the phone? Kip: Yeah, grandmas still paying per minute. She gets kinda pissed at me sometimes cause Im on there so long. Uncle Rico: I bet she does. Ill tell you something, Id be throwing you out the window. Kip, Uncle Rico Napoleon Dynamite Kip: So whens grandma coming back? Uncle Rico: I dont know. Not sure. Napoleon Dynamite: You dont have to stay here with us, were not babies! Uncle Rico: Ha ha! Talk to your Auntie Carolyn. Napoleon Dynamite: Kip is like thirty-two years old. Kip: I dont mind if you stay.

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 25

Assignment Example However, there are also a number of similarities like acculturation process and the styles and patterns of communication. It was found that genderlect and cross-national aspects were similar in some ways and different in others. The differences in cross-national and intra-national management were different due to legislation, magnitude and time horizon. This was because different countries follow a different constitution or a set of rules, are going forward with a different goal in mind and their time-frame also may vary from each other. Training programs designed for cross-national and intra-national differences management are; programs implemented to increase awareness and develop communication channels. Both these programs can help in further advancement and achievement in the field by the help of education and easy and effective ways to communicate. The implications include implementing the research and the results drawn. This can be done by selection, ability to get accustomed to changes. Second implication may be by management of differences between various backgrounds with the help of acculturation process. Third method includes training the individuals by developing communication proficiency. The article gives wide range of knowledge regarding management, when it comes to differences between countries and their inhabitants. Business firms and organizations need to establish certain qualities which help them to withstand barriers which usually arise in the course of international dealings. These similarities and differences, when studied and focused on, and implemented through out the world, can help improve management in cross-national and croos-0cultural as well as intra-national environments. The purpose of this article is to learn how to build effective networks which may be social, digital or organizational. Our lives are surrounded by many such networks; like social, professional etc. Some important networks have a great impact

Gender and contemporary art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Gender and contemporary art - Essay Example The essay "Gender and contemporary art" discovers the gender in the context of contemporary art. If one pays attention to the historical development of art, it is possible to see that gender pays significant role in paintings, sculpture and other kinds of art. For example, in medieval art male and female nude figures had special sense, and our perception of these masterpieces occurs through the gender realization. Male nude figures were associated with heroics, family fathers and often - with real historical characters: â€Å"The idea of the heroic male nude continued well into the 19th century; here Napoleon, who certainly wore a fabulous uniform on the field of battle, is sculpted like a nude Greek god. Perish the thought that his nudity has any sexual resonance†. ). Nude female figures were associated differently in different times and epochs: they were symbols of sexual desire, fertility, motherhood, family and so on . So, gender plays significant role in art of all histor ical periods, and our time is not exception from this point of view. What is the role and context of gender in contemporary art? This paper will explain the answer in the next parts. . There is an idea and opinion that the role of gender in contemporary art is important and significant, and people often behold modern art masterpieces with gender idea realization. This idea is interesting and controversial. It is increasingly important in this age of numerous varieties of contemporary art forms and numerous approaches.... Many people believe that there are no gender differences in contemporary art, and that the gender idea in art is more inherent for ancient and medieval art, but these people overlook the fact that in many modern art masterpieces this idea is rather appreciable, and we as humans cannot ignore the gender idea in such significant kind of our activity as art. Furthermore, there are some art branches today which pay appropriate attention to the gender differences or in contrary the gender similarities, and many artists underline these ideas in their works of art. In this essay, I will argue that the role of gender in contemporary art is important and significant. Gender context of contemporary art, as well as gender differences in contemporary art of some regions will be also discussed. 3. Today the gender context of contemporary art is under influence of feminist approach to art. Modernism in contemporary art assumes that an artist uses freedom in his or her artistic experiments, but female artists today are not inclined to underline their female identity in visual art: "Even though modernism seemed to offer artists more freedom and autonomy, for women artists this meant the denial of their gender identity whereas the whole history of modernist art can be interpreted as the glorification of male creativity and sexuality" (Kivimaa K., 2000). Many artists today assert that there is "male art" and "female art". In other hand, there is a tendency of unisex in contemporary art. In this sort of art gender attributes are mixed, and women and men are demonstrated in unusual roles: "The principle of mimesis could be an effective tool for undermining various kinds of stereotypes, and it is

Communicative Technology - Short Messaging Service (SMS) Essay

Communicative Technology - Short Messaging Service (SMS) - Essay Example The user should have activated the service of sending text messages, this activation involves paying a cost to some mobile network whereas on most mobile phone networks the activation is free. However, each text message costs some amount per text message, though nowadays mobile service networks offer packages that allow you to send a limited number of text messages for a cost in bulk. Lastly, the user who wants to send an SMS should know how to read and type a text message on the mobile phone and the model they have and should have a recipient to whom they want to send their texts to and they are good to go. (Illinois State University 2014). In 1984, a man named ‘Friedhelm Hillebrand’ was experimenting with casual sentences and questions on his typewriter at his house in Germany. Whenever he wrote a question or a sentence he made a count of the alphabets, number and the spaces in between them. This led to an odd discovery, which further on became the idea behind the length of an SMS. He noticed that every time he counted, the total quantity of characters was less than one sixty characters. (Gayomali, C. 2012). It is said that the first ever text message sent in the world was: ‘Merry Christmas’. It was sent by a man named Papworth. He was a computer designer at ‘Sema Group Telecoms’. Since the mobile phones at that time did not have the ability to type as there were no keyboards he used his computer to send the greeting to his buddy ‘Richard Jarvis’ who was employed at ‘Vodafone’. (Erikson, C. 2012). In 1993 ‘Nokia’ became the pioneer to launch the first ever mobile phone set which allowed the users to send text messages. However, there were limitations to the SMS service, firstly, it could only be typed through a numerical keypad by the multi-tap system and most importantly the SMS service was only limited to one network.  Ã‚  

Personal statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Personal Statement Example ing my goals; however, at the same time, I believe that academic understanding is very important, and thus, amalgamation of my strengths and academic achievements have turned me into an ambitious and successful person that dreams to contribute constructively in the future. Academically, I completed my undergraduate degree in Business Administration from Taibah University, Saudi Arabia in the year 2007 that provided me a basis to understand the foundations of business world. Subsequently, to continue my process of lifelong learning, I acquired my Masters degree in E-Commerce from Dalhousie University, Canada in the year 2010 that enhanced my knowledge regarding the business society and that will be very beneficial in playing a pivotal role in the contemporary business world. As a follower of lifelong learning process, my fervor, and aspiration for education and learning does not stops here that have enabled me to apply for a PhD in E-Commerce that will facilitate me in acquiring a challenging position to make some constructive alterations in the business society on global level. Moreover, I have carried out detailed research regarding the business profession & I enormously admire it due to the way the field is making positive changes in so many live globally. In addition, I consider your academic institution as one of the most reputable institutions after acquiring information about faculty and highly academic environment that will facilitate me in achieving my goals effectively. Finally, with the much success and pledge to achieve more, it is my belief that this PhD degree will be my own way of contributing to the development of my society and the whole

Love - consumer behavior Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Love - consumer behavior - Assignment Example Promotions will offer these consumers more information that helps them to choose products (Solomon, Zaichkowsky & Polegato, 2011). Marketers should make the advertisements as attractive as possible to win customer’s loyalty. Consumers in the low-involvement hierarchy level do not have a variety of brand preference. Therefore, marketers should use high quality packaging to attract consumers who focus more on passive learning as they experiment on products. Self-satisfaction as stimulus-response connections is essential (Solomon, Zaichkowsky & Polegato, 2011). More so, they pay high prices for brand preferences, as they are more attracted to what they see as their choice. Experiental hierarchy level of consumers buys products depending on their motives and moods. As a result, marketers who use persuasive communication through placement get these consumers because they do not remain loyal to a brand (Solomon, Zaichkowsky & Polegato, 2011). More than often, the purchasing patterns of consumers in this level make a decision based on individual emotions as they tend to be influenced by ethnic, racial, religion, age. It is more relevant to understand that consumer behavior affects the purchasing decisions individuals undertake. As a result, marketers should focus on using the components of market mix to win more customers. More than often, they should focus on customers seeking loyalty to a given brand especially those in the standard and passive learning

Is P&G a world-class organization Research Paper

Is P&G a world-class organization - Research Paper Example   Being a small soap and candle preparing company, P&G became a multinational organization dealing in consumer goods industry. P&G became successful in maintaining such a huge change mainly due to the core strengths such as consumer understanding, innovation, brand building, go-to-market capabilities and scale. Consumer understanding helped the organization to attain a detailed analysis about the preferences and demands of the customers with changing times. After knowing the changed preferences, the organization also tries to develop varied types of innovative products. This strategy helped the organization to enhance its brand image and portfolio in the market among other rival players. Moreover, the organization also developed the products as per the rules and regulations of the industry so as to enhance the reliability and trust of the customers. P& G also enhanced the operations, technologies and inner knowledge of the employees in order to satisfy the demands of the customers effectively. P&G does not concentrate in one market but the organization always tries to expand into new markets so as to amplify its brand value and market share. In order to do so, P&G always tried to offer high attention over consumer understanding. Consumer understanding helped to analyze the changed preferences of the customers and innovation satisfies them entirely. Moreover, with the help of innovation, numerous inventive products and services are developed that may amplify the profitability and loyalty of the organization among others and, by inventing varied types of new products, a wide range of customers might get attracted towards the brand that may enhance the demand and portfolio as compared Johnson & Johnson, Kimberly-Clark etc. Hence, innovation helped to improve the operating income and total revenue of P&G by US$ 14.48 billion in 2014 and US$ 84.17 billion in 2013.

Love - consumer behavior Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Love - consumer behavior - Assignment Example Promotions will offer these consumers more information that helps them to choose products (Solomon, Zaichkowsky & Polegato, 2011). Marketers should make the advertisements as attractive as possible to win customer’s loyalty. Consumers in the low-involvement hierarchy level do not have a variety of brand preference. Therefore, marketers should use high quality packaging to attract consumers who focus more on passive learning as they experiment on products. Self-satisfaction as stimulus-response connections is essential (Solomon, Zaichkowsky & Polegato, 2011). More so, they pay high prices for brand preferences, as they are more attracted to what they see as their choice. Experiental hierarchy level of consumers buys products depending on their motives and moods. As a result, marketers who use persuasive communication through placement get these consumers because they do not remain loyal to a brand (Solomon, Zaichkowsky & Polegato, 2011). More than often, the purchasing patterns of consumers in this level make a decision based on individual emotions as they tend to be influenced by ethnic, racial, religion, age. It is more relevant to understand that consumer behavior affects the purchasing decisions individuals undertake. As a result, marketers should focus on using the components of market mix to win more customers. More than often, they should focus on customers seeking loyalty to a given brand especially those in the standard and passive learning

Future of Physical Geography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Future of Physical Geography - Essay Example There are, also, other meteorological factors that make up the climate for a certain region and causes variations over a period of time. There are several different theories used to determine and study climate changes over short and long periods of time. The Thornthwaite system uses the study of temperature and precipitation as well as studying animal species, their diversity and how it impacts climate changes. The Bergeron and Spatial Synoptic system focuses mainly on the origin or air masses that make up the climate of a certain region. Paleoclimatology is the study of ancient climates. Since education and study of climates was not prevalent until the 19th century, this type of climate study uses non-biotic evidence such as sediments found in lakebeds, ice cores, tree rings and coral. Historical time spans show that there are a number of variables that determine climate which include, latitude, altitude, percent proportion of land to water, and the location to oceans and mountains. Another factor that plays a role and is more regional, are warming of the oceans and how the heat is distributed between land and water Also, density of vegetation and how it affects solar heat absorption, retention of water, and rainfall regionally. Alterations in atmospheric greenhouse gases determine the amount of solar energy retained by our planet. This, in turn, leads to global warming or cooling. There are many variables that determine our weather, and they all interact with each other in various regions to produce differing climates. In the next few paragraphs I will break down the different climates and show their characteristics. Differing climate range from the moist dampness of the rain forests to the dry air of the deserts, and others in between. The rain forests are typically characterized by high rainfall. This area averages between 69 inches and 79 inches of rain per year. The temperatures in this climate average also around 64 degrees during all the months of the y ear. A Monsoon is a seasonal prevailing wind, which can last for months at the time. It usually is the onset of a regions’ rainy season. The areas known for this climate are North America, South America, the lower Saharan Africa, Australia and Eastern Asia. A Tropical Savanna is a grassland biome located in a semi-humid area of subtropical and tropical latitudes. The average temperatures in these areas are 64 degrees year round. The rainfall in this type of area averages 30 to 50 inches in a year. This type of climate is also found in India, Malaysia, Australia and some northern parts of South America. The Humid Subtropical climate zone is associated with large storms of winter snowfall and rainfall. However, most rainfall during the summer months consists of thunderstorms and a few tropical cyclones. These climatic areas are located roughly between latitudes 20 degrees and 40 degrees away from the equator and on the east side continents. A Humid Continental climate is charac terized by variable weather patterns and large variance in seasonal temperatures. These areas usually see temperatures averaging 50 degrees in the warm months and 26.6 degrees in the cooler months. An Oceanic Climate is most often found along the west coasts at the middle latitudes of the entire world’s continents. This type of climate can be found also in Australia and characterized by heavy rainfall year round. Hot, dry summers and cool

Backbone network Essay Example for Free

Backbone network Essay The chapter starts out explaining how a BN (Backbone Network) works. Backbone Network: Connecting all of the LANs of an organization entails another type of network (BN). A properly designed backbone network provides a high-speed circuit that serves as the central conduit across which the LANs of an organization can communicate. They can also be used to connect LANs within a building, across a campus, and, increasingly, across much greater distances. A BN, as indicated by its name, is a network of its own. Besides connecting the various network segments, the backbone may have its own devices that can be accessed by other network segments Metropolitan area network (MAN): MAN spans a city and is often used to connect remote BNs. MAN in some cases can be considered a citywide BN and as the geographic distances they cover have increased, especially with the use of fiber-optics. BNs connect networks between floors of a building, across a city, or between states and countries. BN and MAN are sometimes used interchangeably, based on the scope of the BN. Network Segments: Each individual LAN owned by an organization is reffered to as a network segment. Horizontal Segment: A moderate- to large-scale organization might have a network segment on each floor of a multistory building. Because each network segment, or LAN, typically occupies its own floor, this type of network segment is often referred to as a horizontal network. For example, assume that a business occupies three floors of a building. On each floor is a separate LAN, or horizontal network segment. Vertical Network: LANs could, and probably would, be connected to each other by a BN. This type of multi-floor connection is an example of a vertical network. The BN in this instance is the central connecting cable running vertically from floor to floor that enables the horizontal networks to communicate with each other. Part of configuration analysis includes determining how each network segment connects to the BN. Generally, each network segment is connected to the BN using either a switch or a router. Deciding which Backbone Protocol to use? Questions to ask: 1) Traffic Demands 2) Constant Communication 3) Mostly Independent Gigabyte Ethernet: is a very popular choice for BNs. The IEEE’s initial standard for Gigabit Ethernet is the 802.3z standard. Gigabit Ethernet allows for a data rate of 1,000 Mbps, or 1 Gbps. A major advantage of all of the officially recognized forms of Gigabit Ethernet is that each form builds on the standards of the preexisting Ethernet protocol. This means that the MAC layer and access method for Gigabit Ethernet are the same as those for standard and Fast Ethernet. Additionally, Gigabit Ethernet supports both half- and full-duplex communications. Other protocols that might be used for a backbone include Frame Relay (FR) and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). Frame Relay and ATM are also frequently associated with WANs. As such, discussion of Frame Relay and ATM will be reserved for Chapter 7, which focuses on WANs. Backbone Architecture: two most common BN architectures are distributed and collapsed. Factors that influence a business’s decision as to which architecture to use include business needs, the condition of the physical facility (sometimes called the plant or campus), how users need to communicate, and the budget. The larger and more complex the organization, the more critical the decision becomes as to what type of backbone architecture to use. It can be very costly to change an existing backbone architecture once one has been put in place. Distributed Backbone: runs throughout the entire enterprise. This type of backbone uses a central cable to which the network segments are connected. The central cable, which is the backbone, requires its own protocol, such as Gigabit Ethernet; it is also its own network. The backbone is considered to be distributed because each network segment has its own cabled connection to the backbone. The backbone is distributed to the LANs by connecting the LANs to the backbone. They maybe connected with routers and switches. In some cases even servers. A distributed backbone typically has separate routers that connect each logical network to the backbone. Because separate routers are used, internetwork traffic may have to pass through several routers to reach its destination. One advantage of a distributed backbone is that it allows resources required by most, if not all, internetworking users to be placed directly on the BN. Collapsed Backbone: connects all of the network segments to a centra l, single router or switch. This central device is, in effect, the backbone. The network segments typically connect to the central backbone device by means of a hub, switch, or router. Because only a single,central backbone device is used, cabling is greatly reduced. Furthermore, additional connecting devices are not required. A collapsed backbone can result in significant cost savings. Backplane: is an internal, high-speed communications bus that is used in place of the connecting cables found in a distributed backbone. Because fiber-optic cabling is used to connect network segments to the collapsed backbone’s backplane, long distances are possible. With fiber-optic cabling, network segments may be widely scattered across a building or even a campus. Backbone Fault Tolerance: is the capability of a technology to recover in the event of error, failure, or some other unexpected event that disrupts organizational communications and functions. Should the backbone fail for some reason, internetworking may no longer be possible. In such an event, business could come to a standstill and, depending on the recovery time, irreparable damage may occur. However, if fault tolerance has been built into the backbone, internetworking will likely still be possible. Fault tolerance will determine its ability to survive an error, damage, or some other unforeseen circumstance. Redundant Backbone: Should one backbone become unavailable, the other can still be used for internetworking traffic. Furthermore, using a redundant backbone also allows for the load balancing of internetworking traffic. By placing half of the network segments on each backbone, internetworking traffic is shared, or balanced, across the backbones, resulting in improved communications performance. It is also VERY expensive. Wiring Closet: The patch panel is usually housed in the wiring closet. The wiring closet may also contain servers that provide resources across the enterprise. In a multifloor design, wiring closets are usually placed one above the other. Placing the wiring closets in vertical alignment greatly facilitates their connection. Data Center: usually moderately to largely spaced and house all of the necessary networking equipment for the entire enterprise in a central location. As with wiring closets, data centers should be tightly secured and environmentally appropriate for the equipment they house. The data center may contain routers, switches, servers, and even network segment hubs that connect individual devices to their network segment. Rack: Hubs, Servers, Switches, Routers are bolted to them. Packet Errors: Related to Early Collisions and Late Collisions Early Collisions: Collisions in an Ethernet network are to be expected, and the collisions themselves are not a problem. However, when too many collisions occur, say, 5 percent or more of the total packets, then corrective measures are needed. If this happens too often, the segment network may have to be split. Late Collisions: can be caused by excessive cable lengths. Another potential cause is the use of too many repeaters. Late collisions can result in lost packets that require retransmission by higher-level protocols. Runts: Too small of a packet, may result from a defective NIC. They are also caused when a transmitting device stops transmission in the middle of a packet due to the detection of a collision. Runts can never be entirely eliminated, because they result from normal collisions, but when the number of runts is greater than the monitored number of collisions, a problem is indicated, may be caused by a defective NIC. Giants: Too large of a packet, and usually caused by a jabbering NIC. Jabbering: NIC is one that is transmitting continuously and incorrectly. Unlike runts, giants are not the result of a normal Ethernet operation, and therefore indicate a definite problem. Whereas a bad NIC is the mostly likely cause of a giant, another hardware device may also be faulty or a cable segment may be defective. If a NIC or cable segment is found to be the cause of the problem, the best solution is to remove and discard the failing component and replace it with a new one. Broadcast Storm: When the total broadcast traffic reaches or exceeds a rate of 126 packets per second, a broadcast storm results. The major problem with such a storm is that it is self-sustaining, resulting in a flood of garbage packets that eventually consume all network bandwidth, preventing any other valid communications from occurring. SMDS (Switched Multimegabit Data Services): supports the exchange of data between LANs in different parts of a city or between network segments over a large campus. SMDS is a packet-switched datagram service for high-speed MAN traffic. SMDSIP (Switched Multimegabit Data Services Interface Protocol): provides for three layers of protocols that define user information frame structuring, addressing, error control, and overall transport. SMDSIP Level 1 defines the physical interfaces and the type of trans- mission medium and signaling system used. SMDSIP Level 2 provides an access method, defined in IEEE Project 802.6, that is referred to as a distributed queue dual bus (DQDB). (It is beyond the scope of this text to go into the details of DQDB; however, it is interesting to note that the access method used is not contention or token passing, but one called distributed queues.) SMDSIP Level 3 accepts user data and adds header and trailer information to it for processing by the SMDS network.

Suicide Or Ambicide Of Nella Laurens Passing English Literature Essay

Suicide Or Ambicide Of Nella Laurens Passing English Literature Essay The ending of Nella Larens Passing is famous for its ambiguity and obscurity; the death of Clare Kendry is never clear defined and vaguely stated. Despite this deliberate equivocation on the authors part, there is definitive evidence hidden within the text that Clares death is in fact a homicide. Clare Kendrys death was not a suicide; the one person who had constant and progressive reason for the murder Clare was her supposed friend, Irene Redfield. One of the main suspects in the death of Clare Kendry is her longtime childhood friend, Irene Redfield. Although they have known each other since they young, they drifted apart as they aged; it had been twelve years since she à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ had laid eyes on Clare Kendry (18). It is only through chance that these two were reunited, something that Irene would have rather left unchanged; Irene has repeatedly displayed a increasing desire to break ties with Clare, making many attempts à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ to tell Clare Kendry at once, and definitely, that it was of no use, her coming, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (64). These tactics ranged from not replying to Clares mail or phone calls, though it à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ rung like something possessed (32) to lying about her schedule and how she is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ filled upà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [and]à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ so sorry (23) that her could not be with Clare. Irene could have been avoiding Clare because she is envious of her looks and of how Clare is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ exquisite, golden, fragrant, [and] flauntingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [how]à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦her glistening hairà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [and] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ eyes sparking like dark jewels (74). Irene often à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ felt dowdy and commonplace (74) when compared to Clare. Another reason Irene wanted Clare to leave her controlled life was that she suspected Clare to be pursuing and infatuating with Brian, Irenes husband. As time passed, Brian à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ looked on à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ with the same tolerant amusement that marked his entire attitude toward Clare (79). Because of this, Irene often wondered what did it mean? [and] how it would affect her and the boys? (93) and often feared that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ she didnt count, she was, to him, only the mother of his sons à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [and that] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ she was nothing. Worse. An obstacle (93). Regardless of Irenes reasons, her thoughts were steady turning darker, frequently questioning if Clare should die! Then Oh, it was vile! To think, yes, to wish that! (101). During the confrontation at the end of the novel, Clare Smiled a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ smile that maddened Irene. She ran across the room, her terror fringed with ferocity, and laid a hand on hand on her Clares bare arm. [and that] She couldnt have her free (111). This quote showed Irenes determination and desperation for Clares disappearance, yet even though she acted in this murder, she stated that it was an accident, a terrible accident à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [that] it was. This phrase confirms Irenes guilt in this homicide, by the act of denying any fault, solidifies her as the prime suspect in Clares murder. Even though there is substantial evidence the other character had a hand in Clares death, she has shown a rather unpredictable and melancholy state of mind; such a state of mind could lead to irrational thoughts such as suicide. She passed for white and abandoned her black heritage for monetary value; she believes that in fact, all things considered, I think Rene, that its even worth the price (28). Yet Clare feels trapped by her husband, John Bellows, racist views; even though she is black herself, John believes Clare to be white. He has made it clear that he à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [drew] the line at that. No niggers in my family. Never have been and never will be (40). Despite the fact that she is in such a precarious position, she sought to be with Irene with reckless abandonment à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ to get the things I want badly enough, Id do anything, hurt anybody, throw anything away (81). Clare continues to visit Irene, requesting to accompany Irene to her various social parties and thro ugh her, to the black part of society that Clare abandoned long ago. Yet she à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ would if I could, but I cant à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ you cant realize how I want to see Negros, to be with them again, to talk with them, to hear them laugh (71). All of these lead to a volatile mixture of recklessness, desperation, loss of identity, and a sense of being trapped. These could have lead to her eventual suicide, when John Bellow discovered and confronted her about her race: Clare stood at the window, as composed as if everyone were not staring at her in curiosity and wonder, as if the whole structure of her life were not lying in fragments before her. She seemed unaware of any danger or uncaring. There was even a faint smile on her full, red lips, and in her shining eyes. (111) This quote exemplifies Clares increasing sense of detachment from the world around her; when she was confronted by her husband at the end of the novel, she felt trapped and chose to escape rather the face the reality of her situation. Yet all of this is merely speculation. The motives and thoughts of Clare Kendry are unknown and can only be interpreted through Irenes perception of Clares actions. On the other hand, Irenes mental process it often displayed through her own narrations and has show on numerous occasions to have entertained the idea of ridding herself of Clare.

Values in Contemporary Social Work Essay -- British Social Workers

Shared values are essential in the creating a successful relationship between the client and social worker. Social workers operate within society, not only to assist the individual but to create a more cohesive society. Values and ethics permeate the whole of social work practice and the society within which it practices (Shardlow 1989). Values are afforded a high position within social work, this is highlighted in: â€Å"Social work is a professional activity. Implicit in its practice are ethical principles which prescribe the professional responsibility of the social worker† (British Association of Social Workers (BASW) Code of Ethics). However, there is a danger that any list of values will become something which is quoted as opposed to a useful tool for practice. Values can be helpful as they enable the social worker to analyse their practice in relation to the expectations of the law and the needs of the people they work with. What are values? Is there a place for them in contemporary social work? Is it even possible to define what constitutes values in contemporary social work? Biestek created a list of seven principles with the intention of showing social workers how clients ought to behave. These principles may have been well meaning but they hardly reflect everything that is going on in contemporary society. The very existence of a list of morals can be damaging to social work as it creates a feeling of security based on the presumption that the list itself incorporates everything required for successful practice. Values determine what a person thinks they should do, which may not exactly be the same as what they want to do. Personal values allow us to evaluate the actions of others in relation to our own... ...) Ethical Issues in Social Work, Routledge National Association of Social Workers (1980) Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers, NASW: Silver Spring, Maryland Payne, M (1997) Modern Social Work Theory. Second edition. MacMillan Plant, R. (1970) Social and Moral Theory in Casework, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul Repper, J. & Perkins, R. Social Inclusion and Recovery: a Model for Mental Health Practice, Bailliere Tindal Shardlow, S.M. (1989), The Values of Change in Social Work, Routledge: London Taylor-Gooby. P (1981) Social Theory and social welfare, Edward Arnold. London Thompson, N. (1997) Anti-discriminatory Practice (2nd Ed), London Macmillan Thompson, N. (2000) Theory and Practice in Human Services, Buckingham, Oxford University Press. Wilson, K. et al (2008) Social Work: An Introduction to Contemporary Practice. Pearson, London

Xacc 280 Final

Financial Analysis Coca-Cola and PepsiCo XACC/280 Financial Analysis An official financial analysis for a specific company needs two years of financial data from the company and from a competitor in the same industry. This financial analysis is between PepsiCo, Inc. and Coca-Cola. Pepsi and Coca-Cola dominate the beverage market worldwide. In addition to sodas, they also distribute a variety of water and energy drinks. Based on the analysis, the investor will be able to make a better investment choice. Liquidity, solvency, and profitability are the three characteristics that will be used to see a company’s success.A simple financial statement will not demonstrate the company’s power because it is a general idea of the company’s position and does not display business developments. The company’s business developments are vital for potential investors because they determine vertical and horizontal analysis. These characteristics are also used to define the ra tio analysis. Ratio analysis is dividing two numbers to get a number of percentages that can be used to compare companies in the same industry. Examining the entire company’s financial trends for a set period of time, an investor will see a factual description of the company’s financial condition.This is the financial analysis an investor desires to review prior to spending money. Liquidity measures a company’s ability to pay their debts when they are due. It is identified as a ratio or percentage of the current liabilities and calculated by dividing the current cash by the current liabilities. It is a fast way to understand if the company’s future is appealing to the investor. If the company is not turning a profit quick enough, it may be a sign of liquidity problems. This is the primary reason why an investor should compare two competitors while looking at the liquidity ratio.To define the current liquidity we use the formula: current ratio = current as sets divided by current liabilities. The most vital measure of this situation is that the right information is used from the balance sheet. PepsiCo, Inc. ’s Liquidity Ratio: 2005 Current Ration = $10,454 (current assets) divided by $9. 406 (liabilities)=1. 11% 2004 Current Ration = $8,639 (current assets) divided by $6,752 (liabilities) =1. 28% Coca-Cola Liquidity Ratio: 2005 Current Ratio= $10,250 (Current Assets) divided by $9,836(Current Liabilities) = 1. 4 % 2004 Current Ratio= $12,281 (Current Assets) divided by $11,133(Current Liabilities) = 1. 10% The evaluation of current assets compared to the current liabilities is solvency. Divide the current assets by current liabilities to determine the solvency. It will show the company’s long-term responsibilities. When the ratio is higher the company is more likely to meet their obligations and have growth in their industry by expenditures. The lower the ratio the company is less likely to meet their obligations. The st andard ratio for solvency is about 20% dependent upon the industry.The measure a company’s ability to generate assets versus expenses in an allotted period of time is profitability. If the ratio is higher or equal to their competitors’ preceding time period the company is in good standing. Periods of time are used to determine profitability and it is common to see the profitability increase and decrease all through the year. This is reason profitability is examined on a full fiscal year. The examination of the trends is horizontal analysis. An income statement, retained earnings statement and balance sheet are ways to implement the horizontal analysis.It will show the company’s financial data for a set period of time and a great instrument to know if the company is worth investing in. PepsiCo, Inc. ’s Horizontal Analysis: 2005 total current assets $10,454 divided by $8,639 total current assets 2005 = 21% 2004 total current liabilities $9,404 divided by $6 ,752 total current liabilities 2004 = 39%. PepsiCo, Inc. had an increase in total assets by making loans. Pepsi increased their debt over the previous years and this shows an unstable business. Coca-Colas Horizontal Analysis: 005 total current assets $10,250 / $12,281 = 83. 5% or a decrease from 2004 to 2005 2004 total current assets $9,836 / $11,133 = 88. 4% of an 11. 6% decrease. Coca-Cola had a decrease in their debt. This indicates that Coca-Cola has a more solid business plan during this time period. Coca-Cola is also in a better monetarily stable place to pay back their debt. Vertical Analysis or the common size analysis is calculated by dividing the Balance Sheet items by the company’s total assets. This number is then turned into a percentage for easier comparison.This percentage represents the growth within the company. Positive retained earnings and debt retention are shown through positive and negative percentages. PepsiCo, Inc. ’s Vertical Analysis: 2005 â €“ $1,716 (cash and cash equivalent) divided by $31,727 (total assets) =5. 4% 2004 – $1,280 (Cash and cash equivalent) divided by $27,987 (total assets) = 4. 6% The proper way to do vertical analysis for the PepsiCo. Inc. is to use the different line items from the balance sheet and divide each one by the company’s total assets. Both of these items are taken from the balance sheet.The total cash percentage and the cash equivalent percentages are related to the total assets. Coca-Cola Vertical Analysis: 2005 – $4,701(Cash, and Cash Equivalent) divided by $29,427(Total Assets) = 1. 6 % 2004 – 6,707(Cash and Cash Equivalent) divided by $31,441(Total Assets) = 2. 1 % Observing all the facts, it is clear to see that Coca-Cola has lower assets. Lowering their assets means that Coca-Cola used their assets to pay down or payoff their debt. This is a fact that most investors would strongly look at while determining where to invest.At this point Coca-Cola is ab le to spend more that will allow Coca-Cola to grow financially. After all of the factual numbers are observed, it is the time to decide which company is better to invest in. The only other elements that require examination is the personal choice and media influence. To look at which company has better advertising or taste is not the best way to decide but is a factor that is shared among un-educated investors. A financial investor would not encourage the investor to invest from his or her gut feelings.They would try to persuade the investor to use facts and figures as well as the reputation of the company. Although Coca-Cola posted stronger numbers in the Vertical Analysis, PepsiCo, Inc. posted stronger numbers in the Liquidity category. The Horizontal Analysis was also not the strongest showing for the PepsiCo, Inc. were lower even though they weren’t decreasing at the rate of Coca-Cola. This is harder to pick a better investment. Although Coca-Cola is decreasing their perce ntage of liabilities their total percentage of liabilities was higher.These facts and figures determine that Coca-Cola and PepsiCo. Inc, are both strong companies. They are also strong competitors. However, Coca-Cola seems to be handling their monies and financial investments in a more effective way. It seems that Coca-Cola is a stouter and more sensible investment. References: Principal of Financial Accounting 6th Edition. Weygandt,Kiesco, Kimmel www. pepsico. com/index. html#/flash/pepsico_slide. swf PepsiCo. com The Coca Cola Company. www. thecoca-colacompany. com/

A Psychological Representation of Her Fear of Childbirth

Frankincense, a novel first published in the year 1818, stands as the most talked about work of Mary Shelley literary career. She was just nineteen years old when she penned this novel, and throughout her lifetime she could not produce any other work that surpasses this novel in terms of creativity and vision. In this novel, Shelley found an outlet for her own intense sense of factorization, and her desperate struggle for love. Traumatized by her failed childbirth incidents, troubled childhood, and scandalous courtship, many of Shelley life experiences can be seen reflected In the novel.When discussing the character and development of the monster, Shelley launches an extensive discussion on the need for a proper environment and education for a child's moral development. When we explore the novel in depth, we can see that it exudes the true horror of childbirth felt by Shelley, and articulates the fears and anxieties she had regarding her reproductive and nurturing capabilities. Shel ley life was marked by a series of pregnancies, miscarriages, childbirths, and deaths.Her firsthand experience of a bereavement started early In her life, when her mother died when she was eleven days old, because of a puerperal fever contacted cause of childbirth. This marked her first encounter with pregnancy and related complications, but unfortunately, it was not the last one. When she grew up, she had a scandalous affair with the married poet Percy Shelley, and their first child was born prematurely and did not survive. In total, she had four childbirths and life- threatening miscarriage, before the age of twenty-five.Only one of those children, Percy Florence Shelley, survived and outlived her. A pregnant Harriet Shelley, the first wife of her husband Percy, drowned herself due to the affair between Mary and Percy (Battlement, 2006, p. 25). So we see that, the author of this novel has had undeniably horrific experiences and tragedies associated with childbirth and pregnancy. T hus, by the time this story took form in Shelley mind, she had already lost a child and her mother due to pregnancy complications. She had a six month old baby during that time, and SIX months later she was conceived with her third baby.Hence, creation, nurturing, and loss of a new life, was prominent among her thoughts when she penned this novel. Frankincense is undoubtedly the first literary work to talk about the pregnancy anxieties. While searching for the underlying theme in this novel, it is also important to understand why the theme was concealed. In that era, writing about such subjects was taboo, and in a field dominated by male authors, pregnancy and the related subjects had hardly found mention In the mainstream literary works. Before creating the monster, Victor has many doubts about his ability to create a life form. But my imagination was too much exalted by my first success to as man† (Shelley, 1818). Overcoming his doubts, he started working on creating a human life for ‘nine' long months, Just like a woman carrying a life in her womb, and eve birth to his creation on a dreary November night. Victor by creating a baby without a mother feminizes himself, and this shows that the real subject of the novel is about the anxieties associated with the childbirth (Hoverer, 2000, p. 12) The irony found in the novel is that, Victor is frightened of his creative potential through his own creation (Sherwin, 1981, p. 900).He created a living being and immediately recognized the blunder he had done. During the creation process of the creature, Victor did not take the time to work out the details of its gigantic proportion and what might be the consequences. Neither does he think whether the life produced by him would like to live a life captured in a monstrous body. His lack of patience and vision cost the creature a normal life. He takes one look at the creature and decides to desert him. â€Å"How can I describe my emotions at this catastrophe , or how delineate the wretch whom with such infinite pains and care I had endeavourer to form? The creature has to endure miseries and hardships galore because he was abandoned by his creator. The life of the monster can be related to the motherless life led by Shelley. Shelley mother too left her as soon as she was born, and as a result, she ad quite an arduous life. Combined with her father's financial woes, her tumultuous relationship with her stepmother meant that Shelley did not have an ideal childhood, which would have had a serious impact on her personality. She had to put up with a lot of miseries when she grew up, and was subjected to lifelong condemnation from the society because of her affair with the married Shelley.In a similar way, Victor's monster was subjected to hate and ridicule from the society around him because he did not get the nurturing he deserved. He did not get education and was left to take care of himself. Wherever he went people were scared by him, and he is confused about his existence. When troubles invaded his life, he had no one to guide him and in the process of self-education he made some wrong decisions that proved fatal, both for him and the others. He yearned for counsel and a family to belong to.Since he did not get this from his creator, he tried to substitute him with the family of the De Lackeys in the forest. Mary Shelley firstborn daughter represents monstrosity in two different ways – the monstrosity of an untimely death and monstrosity of being an illegitimate child, which was quite scandalous during that era. The author's grief is reflected in the lamentation of Victor over his mother's death. The two birth-related deaths in her life, made Shelley yearn for elemental procreative power, Just like Victor Frankincense in the story (Lehman, 1992, up. 9-50) â€Å"These are the reflections of the first days; but when the lapse of time proves the reality of the evil, then the actual bitterness of grief commence s. † (Shelley, 1818). Victor' grieving over his mother's death and his urge to produce a new life to compensate the loss suffered by him, in many ways relate to he tragedy of Shelley, who had lost a mother and daughter. Giving birth to a monster (psychological) is an unconscious fear many women carry when they are pregnant, according to Dry. Almond.Almond believes that Shelley was concerned that any child she produced might carry some of the repressed, destructive characters she herself possessed. Like the doubts Shelley had about her nature of the child she might bear. The dream, which gave Shelley the idea to write this novel, further throws light on the fears she had in her mind about the sort of child she will give birth to (Tomato, 2009, p. 22). In the novel Victor hates his creation from the moment he sets his eye on it, and even wishes that he could destroy it. L gnashed my teeth, my eyes became inflamed, and I ardently wished to extinguish that life which I has so thou ghtlessly bestowed† (Shelley, 1818). Thus, the creature starts his life Journey not Just devoid of parental affection, but also as a bearer of the wrath of the parent. The novel is more concerned with the Journey and development of the creature than that of the emotional turmoil of Victor. This stresses the fact that the heart of the novel is the light of the children growing under lack of nurture, and what they might turn out to be once they grow in such an environment.Shelley relationship with her husband was also perceived to be strained during the time the novel was conceived. The loss of their infant daughter, while it caused Mary immense grief, it did not perturb Percy as much. He did not share the grief with her, nor did he do much to console her. He was disappointed with the gender of the child, and once the child succumbed to illness, he moved on with his life without helping his wife to cope with the grief (Battlement, 2006, p. 24). This incident too could be beneath the characterization of the creature, which did not get its required attention and affection from its father figure, Victor.The resentment of the monster when Victor abhors him elucidates Shelley sentiments towards Perry's rejection of her child. â€Å"Oh, Frankincense, be not equitable to every other, and trample upon me alone, to whom thy Justice, and even thy clemency and affection, is most due. Remember, that I am thy creature; I ought to be thy Adam† (Shelley, 1818). The creature's attempt to self-educate itself is Shelley way of showing that succumbing o the ruse of humanities is the road to humanitarian for the monster. The monster created by manmade science becomes a challenge to humanities and the laws that govern it.Though he has the feelings off human he is shunned by the world based on his appearance. Thus, the novel challenges the anthropological foundations of humanities and asserts that nature and not nurture form the personality and character of a person. Ref erences Battlement, A. F. (2006). Why did Mary Shelley Write Frankincense? Journal of Religion and Health, Volvo. 45, No. 3, 419-439. Tomato, B. (2009). Mary Shelley Frankincense: an orphaned author's dream and Journey toward integration.. Modern Psychoanalysis. Volvo. 34 Issue 1, 117-135.

Honor Killing in India Essay

An honor killing or honour killing (also called a customary killing) is the murder of a member of a family or social group by other members, due to the belief of the perpetrators (and potentially the wider community) that the victim has brought dishonour upon the family or community. Honour killings are directed mostly against women and girls. The perceived dishonor is normally the result of one of the following behaviors, or the suspicion of such behaviors: a. dressing in a manner unacceptable to the family or community, b. wanting to terminate or prevent an arranged marriage or desiring to marry by own choice, c. engaging in heterosexual sexual acts outside marriage, or even due to a non-sexual relationship perceived as inappropriate, and d. engaging in homosexual acts. Women and girls are killed at a much higher rate than men. Recently, there has been a spate of honor killings in the country and this has led the government to decide what laws should be put in place to stop this heinous crime. Also whether the Hindu Marriage Act should be reformed or not is being debated. So what is the definition of honour killing and what leads families to commit this heinous crime so that they can protect their family honour? Is this practice prevalent only in India or is it prevalent in other parts of the world also? What are the misconceptions regarding honour killing and what are the solutions to stop this crime from spreading? These are the questions that society find the answer†¦ In my opinion Honour killing is defined as a death that is awarded to a woman of the family for marrying against the parent’s wishes, having extramarital and premarital relationships, marrying within the same gotra or outside one’s caste or marrying a cousin from a different caste. Read more: Essay About India Crime Rate Honour killing is different from the dowry deaths that are also a very common practice in India as, in the case of dowry deaths, the perpetrators of that action claim that they have not been given enough material rewards for accepting the woman into the family. In that case there is a lot of harassment from the in-laws and more times than one, it has been noted that the wife commits suicide rather than being killed by the in-laws, though it has to be said that she has been mentally killed, if not physically. We have had a tradition of honour killing. This tradition was first viewed in its most horrible form during the Partition of the country in between the years 1947 and 1950 when many women were forcefully killed so  that family honour could be preserved. Now, there are various reasons why people or family members decide to kill the daughter in the name of preserving their family honour. The most obvious reason for this practice to continue in India, albeit, at a much faster and almost daily basis, is because of the fact that the caste system continues to be at its rigid best and also because people from the rural areas refuse to change their attitude to marriage. According to them, if any daughter dares to disobey her parents on the issue of marriage and decides to marry a man of her wishes but from another gotra or outside her caste, it would bring disrepute to the family honour and hence they decide to give the ultimate sentence, that is death, to the daughter. Now as has become the norm, the son-in-law is killed as well. Sociologists believe that the reason why honour killings continue to take place is because of the continued rigidity of the caste system. Hence the fear of losing their caste status through which they gain many benefits makes them commit this heinous crime. The other reason why honour killings are taking place is because the mentality of people has not changed and they just cannot accept that marriages can take place in the same gotra or outside one’s caste. The root of the cause for the increase in the number of honour killings is because the formal governance has not been able to reach the rural areas and as a result. Thus, this practices continues though it should have been removed by now. There are various misconceptions regarding the practice of honor killing. The first misconception about honor killing is that this is a practice that is limited to the rural areas. The truth is that it is spread over such a large geographical area that we cannot isolate honor killings to rural areas only, though one has to admit that majority of the killings take place in the rural areas. But it has also been seen recently that even the metropolitan cities like Delhi and Tamil Nadu are not safe from this crime because 5 honor killings were r eported from Delhi and in Tamil Nadu; a daughter and son in law were killed due to marriage into the same gotra. So it can be seen clearly that honor killing is not isolated to rural areas but also to urban areas and as already pointed out, it has a very wide geographical spread. The second misconception regarding honor killing is that it has religious roots. Even if a woman commits adultery, there have to be four male witnesses with good behavior and reputation to validate the charge. Furthermore only the State can carry out judicial  punishments, but never an individual vigilante. So, we can clearly see that there is no religious backing or religious roots for this heinous crime. What can we do to prevent such a thing from happening? Firstly, the mentality of the people has to change. And when we say that the mentality has to change, we mean to say that parents should accept their children’s wishes regarding marriage as it is they who have to lead a life with their life partners and if they are not satisfied with their life partner then they will lead a horrible married life which might even end in suicide. Secondly, we need to have stricter laws to tackle these kinds of killings as this is a crime which cannot be pardoned because. Humans do not have the right to write down death sentences of innocent fellow humans. More Choice :: Honour killing can be defined as the homicide of the member of a family or social group by other members due to the belief of the perpetrators that the victim has brought dishonour upon the family or community. In most of the cases, honour killings are mostly directed against the women especially in the South Asian and Middle Eastern Islamic cultures. Sadly, this culture is prevalent in some parts of the Indian society too. Mainly the method of honor killing is adopted when a girl goes against the wishes of her family and marries a guy who does not belong to her own community. In some of these cases, both the boy and the girl are killed either secretly by the family members and even openly claiming that the respective boy or girl have bought dishonour and disrespect to the family and to the society or community as a whole. Each and every individual has the right to live his or her own life according to their own wishes. After attaining the age of 18 and 21 by the girl and the boy respectively, the family has no right to force them into marriage or any other act if they are unwilling to do so. If an individual be it a boy or a girl feels that he or she wants to marry according to their wishes, their parents should accept the wishes. In fact, parents only desire to see their children happy and if the children are happy, the parents should let them do what they desire. But for a number of families, their status and position in the society is so much more important than their kids that they do not mind killing them or sacrificing them just to maintain their desired status. Only one question comes into the mind of all the  people- Is the society more important than your children? When asked all will say that their children are more important. But in some of the cases the reality is totally different. These people who kill their children for the breach of so called code of conduct of their societies are actually only concerned about their status and position in the society. Such people can be termed as criminals who are far more dangerous than the terrorists. Terrorists kill people who are unknown to them. But these people who support honour killing and are a part of it are heartless because only a heartless individual can kill someone they love and that too for a baseless reason. The government of India has formulated laws against honour killing but still this inhuman practice exists. In my opinion people involved in honour killing should also be treated as criminals and should be punished as severely as possible. Even capital punishment should be offered to these individuals so that they realize that how painful death was to the person they killed. More choices :: Alarmed by the rise of honour killings,Government is planning to bring a bill in the Monsoon Session of Parliament next month to provide for deterrent punishment for ‘honour’ killings. â€Å"We have already finalised a draft and the bill should come in the next session,† Law Minister M Veerappa Moily told . He said that the bill envisages amendments to several related acts, including the Evidence Act and the onus would be on the accused to prove their innocence. His comments came a day after the Supreme Court on Monday issued notice to centre and states government to file reports on the murders of young couples and asked them how they can stop such killings and what the government and the states have done in this regard. Supreme court on Honour killing The Supreme Court issued notices to the Centre and nine States on a PIL seeking directions to the Union government to make law to protect young couples from Honour killings. A vacation bench comprising Justices R M Lodha and A K Patnaik issued notices on a petition filed by an NGO Shaktivahini alleging that young couples who dare to defy their families or Khap Panchayat in the matter of marriage are under constant threat from them. It noted the sudden rise in the incidents of honour killing at the instance of Khap Panchayats. Among the states which have been directed to respond to the PIL are Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. The apex court had earlier refused to entertain a petition seeking directions to the government to amend Hindu Marriage Act to declare same gotra marriage as illegal. Kiran Bedi on honour killing Veteran police administrator Kiran Bedi said there can be no excuse to sanction murder, whatever the cause, and active policing and serious penal sanctions is the only way to check this dishonourable practice. Besides, any law against honour killing will be effective only when there is a will on the part of the society itself. The suspected honour killing of married couple Kuldeep Singh (26) and Monica (24) – allegedly by Monica’s brother Ankit Nagar and his friend Mandeep Nagar – took a bloody turn early when the body of another woman, Shobha, was found in a car near the couple’s rented house in Ashok Vihar close to the local police station. Shobha was Mandeep’s sister.Whereas Shobha’s uncle supports the killing by saying â€Å"This killing will teach a lesson to the society.† Honour killing in India The latest victims of what caste councils (khap panchayats) call a justified act to protect family’s ‘maryada’ (honour). This councils are found in northern India, particularly in Haryana, Punjab, western Uttar Pradesh and Delhi, Rajasthan. Every month one honour killing takes place in Punjab. As per data complied for the first time by the Crime wing of the Punjab Police, during the past  two-and-a-half years — from 2008 till date — 34 honour killings have taken place in the state: 10 in 2008, 20 in 2009, four so far in 2010. Of the total 34 cases, 16 were reported from Tarn Taran district. Perhaps one of the most backward areas in Punjab in terms of literacy, Tarn Taran has witnessed the highest number of honour killings in the state. Last month, a newly wed couple was attacked, the girl was killed and the boy grievously injured. The parents of the girl were the main suspects in the case.